[214][215] The Ural Mountains, running north to south through the country's west, are rich in mineral resources, and form the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia. [585] Mikhail Bakunin is referred to as the father of anarchism. ", "June 27, 1954: World's First Nuclear Power Plant Opens", "Arable land (% of land area) Russian Federation", "System Shock: Russia's War and Global Food, Energy, and Mineral Supply Chains", Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Russia's Dominance of the Wheat World Keeps Growing", "The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the current conflict", "Who Invented Radio: Guglielmo Marconi or Aleksandr Popov? Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. WebThe Russians (Russian: , romanized: russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe, who share a common Russian ancestry, culture, and history. [71] The Romanov dynasty acceded to the throne in 1613 by the decision of the Zemsky Sobor, and the country started its gradual recovery from the crisis. [186] In 2008, Putin took the post of prime minister, while Dmitry Medvedev was elected president for one term, to hold onto power despite legal term limits;[187] this period has been described as a "tandemocracy. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 19:55. Weekly 251 252 19 20 2006. Once an underdeveloped, peasant society, Russia underwent an intense centrally . Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). The Russian-imposed governor of Sevastopol, Mikhail Razvozhayev, has posted to Telegram to say that in total the air defences of the Crimean city repulsed 10 drones from Ukraine this morning. . . : . This strengthened dialectal differences and for centuries prevented the establishment of any standardized "national" language. The provisions only state that "Under request of citizens the text of document compiled by state notary or person acting as a notary shall be issued on Russian and if possible on other acceptable language", The Republics of Artsakh, and Transnistria are only recognized by other, Context and the Lexicon in the Development of Russian Aspect, By Neil Bermel, p 16. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. [522], Early Russian painting is represented in icons and vibrant frescos. [27] It is the most spoken Slavic language,[28] and the most spoken native language in Europe,[29] as well as the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia. Ukraine sent more than 100 Russian soldiers 'to Hell' in a coordinated strike on the frontlines in the battle for the control of Soledar, its military has claimed.. During the post-World War II era, Russia was a central player in international affairs, locked in a Cold War struggle with the United States.In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia joined with [76] There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus. [474] The Ministry of Education of Russia is responsible for primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education; while the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia is responsible for science and higher education. [529][530] The Russian avant-garde flourished from approximately 1890 to 1930; and globally influential artists from this era were El Lissitzky,[531] Kazimir Malevich, Natalia Goncharova, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marc Chagall. [209] It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia; and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, of over 37,653km (23,396mi). After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was not worthy of scholarly attention. [577][578] The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, as well as for many drinks. Here's what it was like spending 50 hours on the longest train line in the world", "Europe continues to report the world's highest Road Network Density, followed by East Asia and Pacific", "Statistical Review of World Energy 69th edition", "Energy Fact Sheet: Why does Russian oil and gas matter? It is a descendant of Old East Slavic, a language used in Kievan Rus', which was a loose conglomerate of East Slavic tribes from the late 9th to the mid 13th centuries. [520] Cosmonautics Day on 12 April, in tribute to the first human trip into space. WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. Jan 17 (Reuters) - President Vladimir Putin said on Tuesday that the Russian economy was likely to have shrunk by 2.5% in 2022, but that it was performing better than most experts had predicted. Leo Tolstoy's ( ) War and Peace, contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given, with an assumption that educated readers would not need one. Russian has five or six vowels in stressed syllables, /i, u, e, o, a/, and in some analyses //, but in most cases these vowels have merged to only two to four vowels when unstressed: /i, u, a/ (or /, u, a/) after hard consonants and /i, u/ after soft ones. [352] As of 2016[update], Russia has the world's fifth-largest road network, with 1.5 millionkm of roads,[353] while its road density is among the world's lowest. [593], Russian cuisine has been formed by climate, cultural and religious traditions, and the vast geography of the nation; and it shares similarities with the cuisines of its neighbouring countries. BBC. The phoneme /ts/ is generally considered to be always hard; however, loan words such as and some other neologisms contain /ts/ through the word-building processes (e.g. [255] Originally seven, currently there are eight federal districts, each headed by an envoy appointed by the president. [84][85] Consonants include a fricative //, a semivowel /wu/ and /xxvxw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants //, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively. [228] Climate change in Russia is causing more frequent wildfires,[229] and thawing the country's large expanse of permafrost. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930: The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to the factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar and vocabulary the very process of recruiting workers from peasants and the mobility of worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. It is a descendant of Old East Slavic, a language used in Kievan Rus', which was a loose conglomerate of East Slavic tribes from the late 9th to the mid 13th centuries. [451][452] According to the Russian Census of 2010, 137.5million across the country spoke Russian, 4.3million spoke Tatar, and 1.1million spoke Ukrainian. Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. [151], In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik1, thus starting the Space Age. [52] On February 18, 2012, Latvia held a constitutional referendum on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. [622] Dziga Vertov's "Kino-Eye" theory had a huge impact on the development of documentary filmmaking and cinema realism. [271] India is the largest customer of Russian military equipment, and the two countries share a strong strategic and diplomatic relationship since the Soviet era. Analysis", "Oil Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Gas Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Russia formally joins Paris climate pact", "Is Russia finally getting serious on climate change? [392], Alexander Popov was among the inventors of radio,[393] while Nikolai Basov and Alexander Prokhorov were co-inventors of laser and maser. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union (with three other Soviet republics), within which it was the largest and principal constituent. [395] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the field of semiconductor junctions, and discovered light-emitting diodes. [623] Many Soviet socialist realism films were artistically successful, including Chapaev, The Cranes Are Flying, and Ballad of a Soldier. South Africa is allowing Chinese and Russian warships to conduct naval exercises off its coast next month, raising concerns that the move could alienate trading partners. The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. [84] Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /ei/ in place of Proto-Slavic* and /ou/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. [166] Many of the newly rich moved billions in cash and assets outside of the country in an enormous capital flight. As Russia's invasion of Ukraine enters its 11th month, US and Ukrainian officials tell CNN that Russia's artillery fire is down dramatically from its wartime high, in some places by as much as 75%. They are the Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. [163] On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. [135] Soviet forces steamrolled through Eastern and Central Europe in 19441945 and captured Berlin in May 1945. . . [56] Starting in 2019, instruction in Russian will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. : -? [e][177], After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia assumed responsibility for settling the latter's external debts. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. [152] Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, aboard the Vostok1 manned spacecraft on 12 April 1961. [131]:175186 Although the Wehrmacht had considerable early success, their attack was halted in the Battle of Moscow. [119] The transitional disorganisation of the country's agriculture, combined with the harsh state policies and a drought,[120] led to the Soviet famine of 19321933; which killed up to 8.7 million, 3.3 million of them in the Russian SFSR. [385] Since 1904, Nobel Prize were awarded to 26 Soviets and Russians in physics, chemistry, medicine, economy, literature and peace. Earlier, Crump illustrated the Russian perspective on the radio show Nieuwsweekend (5 February). [16][d] It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. [645] Chess is also a widely popular pastime in the nation, with many of the world's top chess players being Russian for decades. .) [95] The reign of his son AlexanderIII (18811894) was less liberal but more peaceful. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. The Federal Assembly | The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Chapter 7. [369] Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia are the world's fourth-largest. [328] During the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Russia has set up filtration camps where many Ukrainians are subjected to abuses and forcibly sent to Russia; the camps have been compared to those used in the Chechen Wars. [20] The current name of the country, code: rus promoted to code: ru (Rossiyacode: rus promoted to code: ru ), comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Rus', Rossa spelled code: ell promoted to code: el (Rosacode: ell promoted to code: el pronounced[rosia]) in Modern Greek. [343] High regional disparity is also an issue. [157] This, however, led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements across the country. [253] They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. [245][i] Ministries of the government are composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (whereas the appointment of the latter requires the consent of the State Duma). Belarusian , , or Polish , d). [59]:1120 While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the region in the early 14th century,[60] gradually becoming the leading force in the "gathering of the Russian lands". WebRussia ( Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij] ), or the Russian Federation, [c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russian emergency services told the state-run news agency Interfax that the sergeant accidentally detonated a hand grenade which caused ammunition to blow up and started a fire. 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