Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. Read about our approach to external linking. This was later known as The Act of Supremacy 1532 which was then legalized in 1534. Parker was a prominent scholar and had served as chaplain to Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn. What was the reaction of the Puritans to the Religious Settlement. For many Protestants, clerical vestments symbolised a continued belief in a priestly order separate from the congregation,[71] and could be interpreted by Catholics as affirmation of traditional doctrines. A typical Elizabethan manor. [85], There were objections over the prayer book, including certain formulas and responses, the sign of the cross in baptism, the surplice and use of a wedding ring in marriage. Study Notes. She did not want to persecute them in the same way as her half sister Mary. Through the 1580s, Puritans were organised enough to conduct what were essentially covert national synods. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. In Mary's reign, these religious policies were reversed, England was re-united with the Roman Catholic Church and Protestantism was suppressed. what other Historians have argued. Subsequently, two Catholics, John Felton and John Story, were executed for treason. It replaced the pope as the highest authority over the church of England. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. The Church then forcibly accepted and agreed to the fact that Henry was now the Protector and Supreme Head on earth of the English Church till laws of God allows. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing chalices with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation). The Directory was not a liturgical book but only a set of directions and outlines for services. In addition, the liturgy remained "more elaborate and more reminiscent of older liturgical forms" and "took no account of developments in Protestant thinking after the early 1550s". [13][14] At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host. Worksheet to organise the different educations for different classes / genders. This lesson is based on a booklet and PPT helping students to understand different aspects of rivalry between England and Spain. [31], The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. The 1588 Marprelate Controversy led to the discovery of the presbyterian organisation that had been built up over the years. The Religious Settlement was an effort by. Religion was a major factor in Elizabethan England. It was also a concession to the Queen's Protestant supporters who objected to "supreme head" on theological grounds and who had concerns about a female leading the Church. According to the prayer book, the table should be placed permanently in the chancel oriented east to west. The Act of Supremacy 1559 This required all clergymen and government officers. [48], In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. [41] During this time, Calvinist clergy held the best bishoprics and deaneries. It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld royal assent. In October 1559, she ordered that a crucifix and candlesticks be placed on the communion table in the Chapel Royal. Any person holding a public office or church office in England had to take the oath of supremacy pledging allegiance to the English monarch and recognizing her as the absolute governor of the Church of England. Elizabeths tolerant approach seemed to have worked on the whole, but it did not keep everyone happy and she faced numerous threats. How was the Elizabethan Settlement enforced? While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. After Elizabeth's death, the Puritans were challenged by a high church, Arminian party that gained power during the reign of Charles I. In the end, Archbishop Parker issued a code of discipline for the clergy called the Advertisements, and the most popular and effective Protestant preachers were suspended for non-compliance. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. HOMEWORK Who was Mary Queen of Scots? The religious situation in England was confused; differences in religion were likely to cause to civil unrest at the very least. [86] Throughout her reign, the Queen successfully blocked attempts by Parliament and the bishops to introduce further change. The Elizabethan era ushered in an age of discovery, with merchants trading with the East, and explorers such as Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh circumnavigating the globe and establishing colonies in North America, respectively. The "Jacobean consensus" was shattered, and the Church of England began defining itself less broadly. The bishops visited the church regularly to see whether everyone followed the oath of supremacy and the settlement rules. [49], The Queen was disappointed by the extreme iconoclasm of the Protestants during the visitations. [24], The lay peers joined the bishops in their opposition and succeeded in amending the bill considerably. Later on, 28th May 1533, Archbishop Cranmer announced that marriage of Catherine and Henry is void while his marriage to Anne is valid. Her father, Henry VIII, had done the same in his reign, but called himself the Head of the Church, so Elizabeths title as Governor implied she would not be so dictatorial and would be more tolerant. [43], Elizabeth chose Matthew Parker to replace Pole as Archbishop of Canterbury. [89] These Puritans were not without influence, enjoying the support of powerful men such as the Earl of Leicester, Walter Mildmay, Francis Walsingham, the Earl of Warwick and William Cecil. It was made compulsory for all to attend Church every Sunday and also on holy days. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. Hope the above information on Elizabethan Settlement of 1559 has helped you understand more about The Revolution of 1559. [2], During Edward's reign, the Church of England preached justification by faith alone as a central teaching,[3] in contrast to the Catholic teaching that the contrite person could cooperate with God towards their salvation by performing good works. [29], The bill easily passed the House of Commons. One, "Of the Worthy Receiving of the Sacrament", added more detail to the church's doctrine of the Eucharist, which was described as "spiritual food" and "a ghostly substance and not carnal" made real by faith. [39] This theory has been challenged by Christopher Haigh, who argues that Elizabeth wanted radical reform but was pushed in a conservative direction by the House of Lords. [74] In 1568, the English College at Douai was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England. "For a while, it was possible to sustain an attenuated Catholicism within the parish framework, by counterfeiting the mass, teaching the seven sacraments, preserving images of saints, reciting the rosary, observing feasts, fasts, and customs". [34] Edward's second regnal year ran from 28 January 1548 to 27 January 1549. The Church of Scotland was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the Book of Common Order. Elizabethan England - KS3 early modern history teaching resources, shared by experienced teachers. Elizabeth's bishops protested both moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden by the Second Commandment. The services included certain prayers for the queen and the priests were instructed about what to say in the sermons. [52] Through the mid-1650s, there were an estimated 800 clergy who resigned or were deprived for refusal to conform. Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. Protestants Versus Catholics: Religion in Elizabethan England Shakespeare was well acquainted with the religious tensions of his age between the Catholics and the Protestants, and inevitably drew connections between the violent civil Wars of the Roses and the current threat of civil war over religion that many Elizabethans feared. "[114] Historian Judith Maltby writes that Anglicanism as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". Explorers became famous and their work has had a lasting legacy. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. More Info On- Elizabethan Politics and Government, Religion and Religious Beliefs, Settlement Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity. Again, thanks for a great product., 288, Gobind Mohalla, Haiderpur, Shalimarbagh, Delhi-110088. The 1662 prayer book mandated by the 1662 Act of Uniformity was a slightly revised version of the previous book. What were the main features of Elizabethan Religious Settlement? This prayer book was to be used by every church under the rule of Elizabeth.Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy and Uniformity. Students will look in detail at: The situation upon Elizabeth's accession . [68][69][70] Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (, The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the, , but not a spiritual authority. Crime and punishment in Elizabethan England - The British Library Elizabeths challenges when she came to the throne. Religion became a very divisive factor in peoples lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology". When you have done this, use a revision guide/knowledge organiser/BBC Bitesize (Link 1) to check your answers and to help you fill in any gaps. [112], The Church of England was fundamentally changed. What was the outcome of the Religious Settlement? In 1581, a new law made it treason to be absolved from schism and reconciled with Rome and the fine for recusancy was increased to 20 per month (50 times an artisan's wage). The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. As the older generation of recusant priests died out, Roman Catholicism collapsed among the lower classes in the north, west and in Wales. After a lot of protests and problems, the Elizabethan religious settlement was passed by the Parliament. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of, This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. The collected fine was to be donated to the poor and needy. Calvinists were divided between conformists and Puritans, who wanted to abolish what they considered papist abuses and replace episcopacy with a presbyterian church government. However, by the 1580s relations between England and Roman Catholic Spain were moving towards open war. Elizabeth's Legitimacy. It also declared that half-sister of Elizabeth, Mary is now illegitimate and does not hold any succession to the throne. It remained a private residence until 1923, when the Church of England acquired possession. [47] Other provisions of the Royal Injunctions were out of step with the Edwardian Reformation and displayed the Queen's conservative preferences. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. At Elizabeths accession, England and Spain were allies. [35], The most significant revision was a change to the Communion Service that added the words for administering sacramental bread and wine from the 1549 prayer book to the words in the 1552 book. To try to bring together these different groups and ease religious tensions, Elizabeth came up with what became known as the Religious Settlement. One aspect of this is Elizabeth's accession to the throne and her possible marriage. I still have about a 98% chance that the first part off the machine is a good part! With Phillip II of Spain the consort of England, ties had become as close as ever. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation passed from 1559 to 1571 that intended to provide a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. Elizabethan Era Daily Life Facts in England | Religion and Education Details: The Elizabethan period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, and laborers as fifth.The queen was believed to be Gods representation here on Earth. The period is often referred to as a Golden Age of history: England became a major European power in politics, exploration, trade and the arts, while Elizabeth Is long rule created stability after the shorter, tumultuous rules of her siblings, Edward VI and Mary I. [73] They also acted as a "Church government in exile", providing Catholics in England with advice and instructions. [17] Her Privy Council was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at Court. The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the Church of England, but not a spiritual authority. Clergy were to wear the surplice (rather than cope or chasuble) for services. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of, This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. [88], The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term Puritan came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. [50] A year later, the Queen herself ordered the demolition of all lofts, but the rood beams were to remain on which the royal arms were to be displayed. In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles were adopted as a confessional statement for the church, and a Book of Homilies was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail. They could not accept the monarch to head the church. This Act was passed in 1534 and was the consequence of the previous Act of Succession in 1533. [48] These provisions offended many Protestants, and in practice, the Injunctions were often ignored by church leaders. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. [40] Across the nation, parishes paid to have roods, images and altar tabernacles removed, which they had only recently paid to restore under Queen Mary. The Act was passed in the year 1536 and it began the dissolution of the monasteries. [32] This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest. In 1559 she passed two laws: This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. [20] Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the English Litany. The bishops, however, did not accept this and most of them had to step down. Think uniform you will remember what this Act did if you remember that it is about unifying religious practice. This appeased Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as head of religion as well as head of state. In response, a group of conformists including Richard Bancroft, John Bridges, Matthew Sutcliffe, Thomas Bilson, and Hadrian Saravia began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law. [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. Some lost faith in the Church of England as an agent of reform, becoming separatists and establishing underground congregations. 202. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/202. 10 May - an underground explosion at Markham Colliery, near Staveley, Derbyshire, kills 79. [115] It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters. England was divided between Protestants and Catholics. A good answer should then include some historiography - i.e. Printable handouts full of fascinating details that give students an insight into the life and times of Shakespeare, cut up version designed for bottom set who can re-organise info, synthesis and present back to the class to demonstrate their understanding. [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. Roman Catholics, however, would have no such freedom. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. In order to do this the queen would have to walk a fine line, what has been called the via It helped in establishing set rules for worship. Henry was also given the title of Defender of Faith by the Pope. BY DAVID ROSS, EDITOR. These also meant that divorce of Henry could be now legalized and he can now freely marry Anne Boleyn. The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity. Thus, the Elizabethan Religious Settlement is also called an Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. 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