[198] In addition, 69.8 percent of South Koreans aged 2534 have completed some form of tertiary education qualification, and bachelor's degrees are held by 34.2 percent of South Koreans aged 2564, the most in the OECD. [79] Like Silla, Goryeo was a highly cultural state, and invented the metal movable type printing press. Is South Africa a state? [254] [185], Higher education is a serious issue in South Korean society, where it is viewed as one of the fundamental cornerstones of South Korean life. [354] In 2009, the government announced plans to build robot-themed parks in Incheon and Masan with a mix of public and private funding. The emergence of the South Korean pop group Seo Taiji and Boys in 1992 marked a turning point for South Korean popular music, also known as K-pop, as the genre modernized itself from incorporating elements of popular musical genres from across the world such as Western popular music, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, classical, hip hop, rhythm and blues, electronic dance, reggae, country, folk, and rock on top of its uniquely traditional Korean music roots. [396] The national football team became the first team in the Asian Football Confederation to reach the FIFA World Cup semi-finals in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, jointly hosted by South Korea and Japan. Provinces of South Korea Provinces are one of the first-level divisions within South Korea. Exercise normal precautions in South Korea. The Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) entered into force on March 15, 2012, underscoring the depth of bilateral trade ties. Because of social instability, social issues appeared as main subjects in the 1980s. After the war's end in 1953, the country entered into a military alliance with the U.S., and its devastated economy began to soar, recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. With the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910 the colonial regime intervened in Korea's architectural heritage, and Japanese-style modern architecture was imposed. Korean culture like Filipino culture has been influenced by interaction with other cultures, technology and the natural instinct of self-preservation. Another type is jjigae (), a stew that is typically heavily seasoned with chili pepper and served boiling hot. [301] Other international airports include Gimpo, Busan and Jeju. Metal chopsticks have been discovered in Goguryeo archaeological sites. Approximately 3 million people died in the Korean War, with a higher proportional civilian death toll than World War II or the Vietnam War, making it one of the deadliest conflicts of the Cold War era. [163] As of 2016[update], South Korea had 1,413,758 foreign residents, 2.75% of the population;[162] however, many of them are ethnic Koreans with a foreign citizenship. Graduating from a top university is the ultimate marker of prestige, high socioeconomic status, promising marriage prospects, and a respectable career path. Goryeo was never conquered by the Mongols, but exhausted after three decades of fighting, the Korean court sent its crown prince to the Yuan capital to swear allegiance to Kublai Khan, who accepted, and married one of his daughters to the Korean crown prince. [277] The vast majority of these are young men from the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination. Contents 1 History 2 Types 3 Administration [305] Smaller airlines, such as Jeju Air, provide domestic service with lower fares. [222] It also had the OECD's second largest number of hospital beds per 1000 people at 9.56 beds. The South Korea national team finished third in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and second in the 2009 tournament. 'Great Korean People's State'; listen) was adopted as the legal English name for the new country. [120] In April 2018, former president Park Geun-hye was sentenced to 24 years in jail, because of abuse of power and corruption. Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world, third-highest life expectancy in the world, with ethnic Koreans representing approximately 96%, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, second largest number of hospital beds per 1000 people, ranked 11th in the world for life expectancy, third highest health adjusted life expectancy, sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan, generally regarded in South Korea as having been very negative, Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), over 23,000 troops stationed in South Korea, Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement, centralized intelligence gathering and analysis, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, market for nuclear enrichment facilities and refineries, History of science and technology in Korea, List of Korean inventions and discoveries, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 21 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, 2011 IAAF World Championships in Athletics, "Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million", "World Economic Outlook Database April 2022", "The Korean Economy the Miracle on the Hangang River: Korea.net: The official website of the Republic of Korea", "Surfing the Korean Wave: How K-pop is taking over the world | The McGill Tribune", "1369MAPAS E ICONOGRAFIA DOS SCS. [242], The 2017 deployment of THAAD defense missiles by the United States military in South Korea in response to North Korean missile tests has been protested strongly by the Chinese government, concerned that the technologically advanced missile defense could be used more broadly against China. Upon the onset of the Korean War in 1950, U.S. forces were sent to defend against an invasion from North Korea of the South, and subsequently fought as the largest contributor of UN troops. The Korean language in South Korea has a standard dialect known as the Seoul dialect (after the capital city), with an additional four dialects (Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla) and one language (Jeju) in use around the country. Unitary state [176] South Korea has the steepest decline in working age population of the OECD nations. After negotiations on reunification failed, the latter became the Republic of Korea in August 1948 while the former became the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Korea the following month. A unitary state refers to a country that has one supreme authority which rules over all other delegations. [27] As a result, the Korean name "Daehan Minguk" is sometimes used by South Koreans as a metonym to refer to the Korean ethnicity (or "race") as a whole, rather than just the South Korean state. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. What followed was a period of forced assimilation, in which Korean language, culture, and history were suppressed. In addition to male conscription in South Korea's sovereign military, 1,800 Korean males are selected every year to serve 18 months in the KATUSA Program to further augment the United States Forces Korea (USFK). The four largest diaspora populations can be found in China (2.3 million), the United States (1.8 million), Japan (0.85 million), and Canada (0.25 million). Precise numbers are difficult since statistics do not record ethnicity and given many immigrants are ethnically Korean themselves, and some South Korean citizens are not ethnically Korean.[162]. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Exporters Under the U.S.-Korea Trade Agreement", "Military Duty Exemption for Biracial Koreans Will Be Scrapped", "South Korea Beefs Up Anti-Air Defenses as North Blusters", "Korea Aerospace Signs Deal to Sell Trainer Jets to Indonesia", "Allies' future command to be led by S. Korean general: minister", "Amnesty International calls on South Korea to free conscientious objectors", "South Korean Jehovah's Witnesses Face Stigma of Not Serving in Army", "In Landmark Ruling, South Korea's Top Court Acquits Conscientious Objector", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", South Korea: Introduction >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge, Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, "OECD.Stat Education and Training > Education at a Glance > Educational attainment and labor-force status > Educational attainment of 2564 year-olds", "GDP per capita growth (annual%) Data", "Financial markets unstable in S.Korea following Cheonan sinking", "S Korea stands among world's highest-level fiscal reserve holders: IMF", "Lessons from South Korea's Chaebol economy", "South Korea Survived Recession With CEO Tactics", "South Korea GDP grew revised 6.2pc in 2010", "Surging Seoul: Traffic at Incheon Airport is booming. Both in its regular bilateral contacts with South Korea and through its FTA with Korea, the EU is seeking to improve this situation.[261]. U.S.-Republic of Korea Relations. [334] From 2014 to 2019, the country ranked first among the most innovative countries in the Bloomberg Innovation Index. That same year, South Korea recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time on record. This category comprises retirees who voluntarily choose to have additional benefits, individuals under the age of 27 without income, and individuals whose spouses are covered under a public welfare system, whether military, governmental, or private school teacher pensions. Yi Seong-gye declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong (one of the old names of Seoul). A unitary state only exercises the powers that the central government decides to delegate. South Korea's efforts to build an indigenous space launch vehicle have been marred due to persistent political pressure from the United States, who had for many decades hindered South Korea's indigenous rocket and missile development programs[352] in fear of their possible connection to clandestine military ballistic missile programs, which Korea many times insisted did not violate the research and development guidelines stipulated by US-Korea agreements on restriction of South Korean rocket technology research and development. Political figures such as Kim Koo worked to reconcile the two governments even after the Korean War. [citation needed] Consequently, South Korea has the world's seventh largest number of active troops (599,000 in 2018), the world's highest number of reserve troops (3,100,000 in 2018). [325], South Korea's old-age pension scheme covers individuals age 60 or older for the rest of their life as long as they have satisfied the minimum of 20 years of national pension coverage beforehand. South Korea's terrain is mostly mountainous, most of which is not arable. In November 2010 Yeonpyeong island was attacked by a significant North Korean artillery barrage, with 4 people dying. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and shares a land border with North Korea. ", "South Korea's Education Success Has a Dark Side", "Why South Korea Is So Fixated With the College-Entrance Exam", "Vocational Education and Training in Korea: Achieving the Enhancement of National Competitiveness", "Drive for education drives South Korean families into the red", "South Korean education ranks high, but it's the kids who pay", "South Koreans Consider The Trades Over University Education", "Korea Awash with the Under-Skilled and Overeducated", "High performance, high pressure in South Korea's education system", "South Korea's schools: Long days, high results", "The Pressures of the South Korean Education System", "Korea: Overview of the Education System (EAG 2019)", "South Korean students wracked with stress", "Intensely Competitive Education In South Korea Leads to Education Fever", "The All-Work, No-Play Culture Of South Korean Education", "Korea's Rigorous Education System Has Delivered Growth, but It is Literally Killing the Country's Youth", "Over 3 Million Highly Educated People Unemployed", "Lee calls for end to prejudices against non-college graduates", "S Korea's vocational education needs to tackle its shortcomings", "Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism 2012", "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea", Health at a Glance 2015 |OECD READ edition, "Revealed: Countries With The Best Health Care Systems, 2019 > CEOWORLD magazine", "Suicide rates, age standardized Data by country", "Life expectancy increased by 5 years since 2000, but health inequalities persist", "WHO World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs", "Can North Korea get South to join dispute with Japan over two islands in Asia? The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. [367], The industrialization and urbanization of South Korea have brought many changes to the way modern Koreans live. [198] In 2017, the country ranked fifth for the percentage of 25 to 64 year old's that have attained tertiary education with 47.7 percent. Constitution of 1960 The framers based many provisions, such as those outlining the powers of the president, on French models. [131] Unchecked industrialization and urban development have resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat. More specifically, the Korean Cabinet performs policy resolutions as well as policy consultations to the President. Buddhism was introduced to Korea in the 4th century. One-party state: Head of state is executive or ceremonial; power constitutionally linked to a single political movement Countries in which constitutional provisions for government have been suspended (e.g. Innovation is Everywhere", "South Korean war on 'fake news' raises concern of censorship", "Is South Korea Sliding Toward Digital Dictatorship? However, it is not a direct translation of the Korean name. The official government name of South Korea is the Republic of Korea, and the government type is the presidential Republic. Basketball is a popular sport in the country as well. Section I. [341][342], South Korea has sent up 10 satellites since 1992, all using foreign rockets and overseas launch pads, notably Arirang-1 in 1999, and Arirang-2 in 2006 as part of its space partnership with Russia. Education is regarded with a high priority for South Korean families, as success in education is often a source of pride for families and within South Korean society at large, and is a necessity to improve one's socioeconomic position in South Korean society. [274] Beginning in 2001, South Korea had so far deployed 24,000 troops in the Middle East region to support the War on Terrorism. [266], The South Korean military consists of the Army (ROKA), the Navy (ROKN), the Air Force (ROKAF), and the Marine Corps (ROKMC), and reserve forces. [246] In June 2018, president Moon Jae-in became the first South Korean leader to speak in the Russian Parliament. military juntas) No constitutionally defined basis to current regime (e.g. The U.S. troops, which are primarily ground and air units, are assigned to USFK and mainly assigned to the Eighth United States Army of the U.S. Army and Seventh Air Force of the U.S. Air Force. South Korea,[b] officially the Republic of Korea (ROK),[c] is a country in East Asia. Large numbers of ethnic Koreans live overseas, sometimes in Korean ethnic neighborhoods also known as Koreatowns. There is a major cultural taboo in South Korean society attached to those who have not achieved formal university education, where those who do not hold university degrees face social prejudice and are often looked down by others as second-class citizens. This transition to a South Korean command has been slow and often postponed, although it is currently scheduled to occur in the early 2020s. In 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk (Korean Empire). Previous exceptions for South Korean citizens of mixed race no longer apply since 2011.[267]. [48][49] Baekje was once a great military power on the Korean Peninsula, especially during the time of Geunchogo,[50] but was critically defeated by Gwanggaeto the Great and declined. [411] The two most popular games are League of Legends and StarCraft. [102][103] In addition, virtually all of Korea's major cities were destroyed by the war.[104]. Major cities including Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon and Gwangju have urban rapid transit systems. The country is the world's ninth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. Since the 21st century, South Korea has been renowned for its globally influential pop culture, particularly in music (K-pop), TV dramas (K-dramas) and cinema, a phenomenon referred to as the Korean wave. [325] Like the individually insured persons, they too are in charge of covering the full amount of the contribution. For example, migrants from China (PRC) make up 56.5% of foreign nationals, but approximately 70% of the Chinese citizens in Korea are Joseonjok (), PRC citizens of Korean ethnicity. Korean cuisine usually involves heavy seasoning with sesame oil, doenjang (), a type of fermented soybean paste, soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, and gochujang (), a hot pepper paste. [112] However, South Korean and Japanese relations later soured because of conflicting claims of sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks. [197] The nation's high university entrance rate has created a highly skilled workforce, making South Korea among the most highly educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. [citation needed] In 2010, South Korea was spending 1.68 trillion in a cost-sharing agreement with the US to provide budgetary support to the US forces in Korea, on top of the 29.6 trillion budget for its own military. South Korea's border with North Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. [53] Later Silla was a golden age of art and culture,[54][55][56][57] as evidenced by the Hwangnyongsa, Seokguram, and Emille Bell. By early 2009, relationships between North and South Korea were very tense; North Korea had been reported to have deployed missiles,[228] ended its former agreements with South Korea,[229] and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned. The Seoul Olympic Museum is dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics. This impediment to South Korea's indigenous nuclear industrial undertaking has sparked occasional diplomatic rows between the two allies. [380] Contemporary architectural efforts have been constantly trying to balance the traditional philosophy of "harmony with nature" and the fast-paced urbanization that the country has been going through in recent years.[381]. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [citation needed] Many of these forces are concentrated near the Korean Demilitarized Zone. [226] With longstanding animosity following the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, North Korea and South Korea signed an agreement to pursue peace. South Korea has the fastest Internet download speeds in the world,[332] with an average download speed of 25.3 Mbit/s. [296], South Korea became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996.[297]. [105], Chun subsequently created the National Defense Emergency Policy Committee and took the presidency according to his political plan. [125], South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsulaand shares a land borderwith North Korea. "M" means multiple times. His election was significant given that he had in earlier years been a political prisoner sentenced to death (later commuted to exile). There were several groups who fought for independence, the most notable being the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea ( / ). [177] In 2015, National Statistical Office estimated that the population of the country will have reached its peak by 2035. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. [408] The Korean Grand Prix was held from 2010 to 2013, but was not placed on the 2014 F1 calendar. There followed a series of massive public demonstrations from November 2016[117] and she was removed from office. South Korea is a transit point for Southeast Asian fishermen subjected to forced labor on fishing ships bound for Fiji and other ports in the Pacific. [304] A second carrier, Asiana Airlines also serves domestic and international traffic. This includes 1,412,800 J&J, doses. Eventually, Chun's party, the Democratic Justice Party, and its leader, Roh Tae-woo, announced the June 29 Declaration, which included the direct election of the president. EveR-1 has been succeeded by more complex models with improved movement and vision. Korea Expressway Corporation operates the toll highways and service amenities en route. These plans include re-opening dialogue around a natural gas pipeline that would come from Russia and pass through North Korea. the second largest Asian source of foreign direct investment into the U.S. During President Trumps 2017 visit to the country, R.O.K. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis. However, in 1392, General Yi Seong-gye, who had been ordered to attack China, turned his army around and staged a coup. [241] In 2007, a free trade agreement known as the Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was signed between South Korea and the United States, but its formal implementation was repeatedly delayed, pending approval by the legislative bodies of the two countries. [157] In practice the population density in much of South Korea is higher than the national one, as most of the country's land is uninhabitable due to being used for other purposes such as farming. Male citizens 18-35 years old are required to complete at least 21 months of military service. Over the past several decades, the Republic of Korea (R.O.K.) [238] In modern times, before the formation of South Korea, Korean independence fighters worked with Chinese soldiers during the Japanese occupation. A unitary state is the state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that air central government chooses to delegate. [165][166] In addition, about 43,000 English teachers from English-speaking countries reside temporarily in Korea. "Republic of Korea" and "Daehanminguk" redirect here. Since the government only controlled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, the informal term "South Korea" was coined, becoming increasingly common in the Western world. A further 1,800 were deployed since 2007 to reinforce UN peacekeeping forces in Lebanon. After the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, Korea was annexed by Japan (19101945). In 1910, Japan began a 35-year period of colonial rule over Korea. [327] Excluding the workplace-based insured persons, all the other insured persons personally cover their own 9% contribution. Recently, research and development in genetics and cloning has received increasing attention, with the first successful cloning of a dog, Snuppy (in 2005), and the cloning of two females of an endangered species of gray wolves by the Seoul National University in 2007. South Korea is especially strong in short track speed skating. The U.S. and Korea's Joseon Dynasty established diplomatic relations under the 1882 Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, and the first U.S. diplomatic envoy arrived in Korea in 1883. The team's 2009 final game against Japan was widely watched in Korea, with a large screen at Gwanghwamun crossing in Seoul broadcasting the game live. However, it has retained many broad characteristics and with the exception of the short-lived Second Republic of South Korea, the country has always had a presidential system with an independent chief executive. In 1960, a student uprising (the "April 19 Revolution") led to the resignation of the autocratic then-President Syngman Rhee. The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. The following list includes the largest South Korean companies by revenue in 2017 who are all listed as part of the Fortune Global 500: South Korea has a technologically advanced transport network consisting of high-speed railways, highways, bus routes, ferry services, and air routes that crisscross the country. The United States has stationed a substantial contingent of troops to defend South Korea. The percentage of foreign nationals has been growing rapidly. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. A sizable arsenal of many artillery systems, including 1,700 self-propelled K55 and K9 Thunder howitzers and 680 helicopters and UAVs of numerous types, are assembled to provide additional fire, reconnaissance, and logistics support. [118] After the fallout of President Park's impeachment and dismissal, new elections were held and Moon Jae-in of the Democratic party won the presidency, assuming office on 10 May 2017. Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty during the 18th century. [355], In 2005, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) developed the world's second walking humanoid robot, HUBO. ", "South Korea's president is removed from office as court upholds her impeachment", "New Korean president willing to work with North DW 05/10/2017", "South Korea's Moon may be on brink of legacy-defining moment", "Park Geun-hye: South Korea's ex-leader jailed for 24 years for corruption", "As Birthrate Falls, South Korea's Population Declines, Posing Threat to Economy", "Who is South Korea's new president Yoon Suk-yeol? [d]The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. Korea is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks. [339], Following cyberattacks in the first half of 2013, whereby government, news-media, television station, and bank websites were compromised, the national government committed to the training of 5,000 new cybersecurity experts by 2017. The National Election Commission oversees the elections. Airlines also serves domestic and international traffic prisoner sentenced to death ( later commuted to exile ),.! Corporation operates the toll highways and service amenities en route Korea has the fastest Internet download speeds in the Parliament! Tidal Flat complex models with improved movement and vision into the U.S. During president Trumps 2017 visit to country... To a country in East Asia to his political plan Types 3 Administration [ 305 ] Smaller airlines, as... To speak in the 2009 tournament, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea investment the... 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