COUNTRIES A - K COUNTRIES L - Z CONTINENTS: Africa Antarctica Asia Europe North America Oceania South America Why it is important to know other countries, capitals and famous places? Although Antarctica is not officially a country, it can be considered more of a condominium shared between several countries. Cheetah, lion, zebra, mongoose, elephant, giraffe, and addax are some of Africa's most popular animals. The continent of Australia is the smallest of the seven continents.List of Countries in Australia. On the other hand, it shies away from denouncing the claims that are already in place. The Roman authors Gaius Julius Hyginus and Apuleius used for the South Pole the romanised Greek name polus antarcticuscode: ell promoted to code: el ,[6] from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern ple antarctiquecode: fra promoted to code: fr ) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik, found first in a treatise written by the English author Geoffrey Chaucer. The flora largely consists of bryophytes (25 species of liverworts and 100 species of mosses). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. 14. For a list of them, see List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands. Ognian chervonets. [14] Lake Vostok, discovered beneath Russia's Vostok Station, is the largest subglacial lake globally and one of the largest lakes in the world. Antarctica, including all territorial claims by sovereign states, is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60S. Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. Antarctica became glaciated during the Late Paleozoic icehouse beginning at the end of the Devonian period (360Ma), though glaciation would substantially increase during the late Carboniferous. [122] Some of the species of fungi, which are apparently endemic to Antarctica, live in bird dung, and have evolved so they can grow inside extremely cold dung, but can also pass through the intestines of warm-blooded animals. countries under continent {'Europe': ['Andorra', 'Albania', 'Austria', 'Belgium', 'Bulgaria', 'Belarus', 'Czech Republic', 'Germany', 'Denmark', 'Estonia', 'Finland . [161] Between December 1908 and February 1909: Shackleton and three members of his expedition became the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to cross the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the south Polar Plateau. The ozone hole above Antarctica is predicted to slowly disappear; by the 2060s, levels of ozone are expected to have returned to values last recorded in the 1980s. [87], In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. The cooling strengthens the polar vortex and so prevents the outflow of the cold air near the South Pole, which in turn cools the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet. [146] The American sealer Nathaniel Palmer, whose sealing ship was in the region at this time, may also have been the first to sight the Antarctic Peninsula. The region has been claimed by the British as part of the British Antarctic Territory since 1962. 11. [103] Models suggest that ozone depletion and the enhanced polar vortex effect may also account for the period of increasing sea ice extent, lasting from when observation started in the late 1970s until 2014. Copy. 13. 7 continents of the world. Check out the name of countries in Antarctica with their capital. How Many Countries in Europe As of 2020, there are 45 countries in the continent of Europe. A large number of islands surround Antarctica. Even though it is not a country, it is the coldest region on Earth and is covered in snow all year round. Antarctica is 1.3 times as large as Europe. The interior is dryer and receives less than 50mm (2in) per year, whereas the coastal regions typically receive more than 200mm (8in). In the Cretaceous, it was dominated by a fern-conifer ecosystem, which changed into a temperate rainforest by the end of that period. [92], Antarctica contains about 90% of the world's ice. [144], Sealers were among the earliest to go closer to the Antarctic landmass, perhaps in the earlier part of the 19th century. [91] As of 2022[update], the two most rapidly thinning ice shelves are those in front of the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers. We all can work in Antarctica if our wisdom teeth and appendix are removed. [135], In analogy to the 1980 treaty on sustainable fishing, countries led by New Zealand and the United States negotiated a treaty on mining. The ice often has a bluish hue and the coastal waters are deep blue. Two non-member countries have permanent observer states: the Holy See and the State of Palestine. [59], East Antarctica is geologically varied. 12. The Languages Of Antarctica [150][151], On 22 January 1840, two days after the discovery of the coast west of the Balleny Islands, some members of the crew of the 18371840 expedition of the French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville disembarked on the Dumoulin Islands, off the coast of Adlie Land, where they took some mineral, algae, and animal samples erected the French flag and claimed French sovereignty over the territory. [117], There are approximately 40 bird species that breed on or close to Antarctica, including species of petrels, penguins, cormorants, and gulls. [197] Tourists arrive by small or medium ship at specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. Best Answer. Chalkidiki, Greece. . He sailed along a huge wall of ice that was later named the, colonized structural cavities within porous rocks, first international agreement to protect Antarctica's biodiversity, Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities, Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, "Highlights from the Bartholomew Archive: The naming of Antarctica", "Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica", "The Lost Dry Valleys of the Polar Plateau", "Origin and Evolution of the Sub-Antarctic Islands", "Bunbury Basalt: Gondwana breakup products or earliest vestiges of the Kerguelen mantle plume? Antarctica has become a symbol of the effects of climate change, leading scientists and policymakers to push for stronger environmental protections for the region. One of the most amazing facts about Antarctica. Robertson Land, Wilkes Land, and Victoria Land. Under the treaty, mining, military use, dumping, and nuclear testing are all banned. In 1985, British scientists, working on data they had gathered at Halley Research Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf, discovered a large area of low ozone concentration over Antarctica. [11], Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle (one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the world), Antarctica is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. This Icey region of Antarctica was discovered by Lincoln Ellsworth and his co-pilot Herbert Hollick-Keyon as they were crossing the continent. [105] The depletion is caused by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons and halons into the atmosphere, which causes ozone to break down into other gases. Take the Polar Plunge. Countries can participate in decision-making if they can demonstrate that they do significant research on Antarctica; as of 2022[update], 29 countries have this 'consultative status'. After the initial treaty, there were some others that followed suit, protecting marine and all other kinds of life on the continent, particularly seals and prohibiting mineral extraction. The Adelie Land meteorite, discovered in 1912, was the first to be found. [67], Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and driest of Earth's continents. Yes, Antarctica is a continent. The surveys of invertebrates in the region have shown the presence of springtails, tardigrades, and nematodes. m/v Plancius. Territorial claims in Antarctica include all lands and each and every ice shelf under the 60th parallel south, or it is at least how the Antarctic Treaty deals with the aforementioned claims. Besides these seven, some other countries with research stations include: The list goes on and encompasses most of the European countries, including quite a lot of them from Europe. The land was discovered in 1840 by a French Explorer Jules Dumont D'Urville, who named it after his wife. [31] West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during the time, large amounts of sandstones, limestones, and shales were deposited. The Antarctica Treaty came into force in 1961 and has been the main tool in managing the international relations around the South Pole. [102][103] The 'ozone hole' covers almost the whole continent and was at its largest in September 2006;[104] the longest-lasting event occurred in 2020. @media (min-width: 768px) { .liquid-row-responsive-63c851c60231e {padding-top:110px !important; padding-bottom:115px !important; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { .liquid-row-responsive-63c851c60231e {padding-right:5% !important; padding-left:5% !important; border-right-width:50px !important; border-bottom-width:50px !important; border-left-width:50px !important; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { .liquid-column-responsive-63c851c6024fe > .vc_column-inner {margin-bottom:0px !important; } } .ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f h3{color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);}.ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f h3 {margin-bottom:0.85em !important; } .ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f h3 {margin-bottom:0.85em !important; } Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. It is also inclusive of three island regions i.e. Its hard to predict what may happen in the future, but if oil were to be found underneath all the ice, the sovereigns will hold on to their claims much stronger. Antarctica is a continent located at the furthest southern reaches of the globe. List of countries Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia This region is prone to katabatic winds, which drive sea ice away from the coastline. Still, seven countries have territorial claims Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom but those claims are largely ignored. Some of the most common permanent stations are led by countries such as Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Germany, and Italy among others. The common invertebrates in this Antarctic region include nematodes, springtails, mites and rotifers. The interior regions of the continent see temperatures of -76F (-60C) in the winter and -4F (-20C) in the summer. Flags of Antarctica - List of countries in Antarctica Based on the surface Antarctica is the fifth continent of the world. [97] Antarctica's total contribution to sea level rise has been estimated to be 8 to 14mm (0.31 to 0.55in). [98] Estimates of the mass balance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet as a whole range from slightly positive to slightly negative. [100] A tipping point for the West Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be between 1.5 and 2.0C (2.7 and 3.6F) of global warming. [1] Despite these regulations, illegal fishingparticularly of the highly prized Patagonian toothfish which is marketed as Chilean sea bass in the U.S.remains a problem. [35], The continued warming dried out much of Gondwana. COUNTRY: BASE NAME (Bold type . An alternative five-continent model is the one adopted, among others, by the Olympic Charter, which excludes Antarctica as uninhabited and lists the following five: Africa . It is the fifth-largest continent in the world, but most of its regions are covered in ice. Below is a list of countries and areas of the world in alphabetical order, with official names and alternative designations. The presence of the West Antarctic Rift System has resulted in volcanism along the border between West and East Antarctica, as well as the creation of the Transantarctic Mountains. [38] Ginkgo trees, conifers, Bennettitales, horsetails, ferns and cycads were plentiful during the time. It has no countries. Besides these seven, some other countries with research stations include: The United States Russia (Former Soviet Union) Belgium Finland Japan Uruguay Poland Sweden China Belarus Germany Italy Spain South Africa The Majority of Mammals found on or in the seas surrounding Antarctica, such as Seals, Orcas, Penguins and Whales, due to the conditions on Antarctica, it makes it hard for any vegetation to survive the conditions, which means only invertebrates such as mites and lice can be found on Antarcticas land. It is the hottest continent and home of the world's largest desert, the Sahara, occupying the 25% of the total area of . Written by. Let's Add All That Up. Along the coast in the winter, temperatures range from -22F to 14F (-30C to -10C) and hover around 32F (0C) during summers. [51] The Drake Passage opened between Antarctica and South America around 30 Ma, resulting in the creation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that completely isolated the continent. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from before 1990, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Geographical articles missing image alternative text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 04438E to 13611E, and 14202E to 16000E, 8000W to 7400W claimed by Chile (1940), 7400W to 5300W claimed by Chile (1940) and Argentina (1943), 5300W to 2500W claimed by Argentina (1943), 8000W to 7400W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), 7400W to 5300W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Argentina (1943), 7400W to 5300W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Chile (1940), 5300W to 2500W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 23:26. [25] There is evidence of a large number of volcanoes under the ice, which could pose a risk to the ice sheet if activity levels were to rise. The system features a set of treaties that were later added to the steady foundation that is the Antarctic Treaty. The northernmost part of the world, Antarctica offers a once-in-a-lifetime trip to frozen landscapes, a sight not visible anywhere else in the world. To get a clearer picture, you need to understand more about the events that preceded the treaty system that keeps the fifth-largest continent of the world in check, protecting it from armed conflicts and petty squabbles. Kopeck. [187], The Argentine, British, and Chilean claims overlap and have caused friction. [107] The 1987 Montreal Protocol has restricted the emissions of ozone-depleting substances. [194], Tourists have been visiting Antarctica since 1957. Antarctica is a unique continent in that it does not have a native human population. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss. [200], Overland sightseeing flights operated out of Australia and New Zealand until the Mount Erebus disaster in 1979, when an Air New Zealand plane crashed into Mount Erebus, killing all of the 257 people onboard. [70], Antarctica is a polar desert with little precipitation; the continent receives an average equivalent to about 150mm (6in) of water per year, mostly in the form of snow. [211][note 8], Coordinates: 90S 0E / 90S 0E / -90; 0, This article is about the continent. Antarctica will remain to be used as intended for research and as a nature preserve. Before discussing the exact number of countries presently holding claims on Antarctica, its important to understand what these claims constitute. The treaty was signed on the 1st of December 1959, states: The CIA World Factbook has a complete list, but these are the countries with at least 100 individuals in Antarctica during the peak summer season: Country. [79] A main component of climate variability in Antarctica is the Southern Annular Mode (a low-frequency mode of atmospheric variability of the Southern Hemisphere), which showed strengthened winds around Antarctica in the summer of the later decades of the 20th century, associated with cooler temperatures over the continent. OGD. Emergency. [13], The lakes that lie at the base of the continental ice sheet occur mainly in the McMurdo Dry Valleys or various oases. Military personnel or equipment are permitted only for scientific research or other peaceful purposes. Any nuclear explosions in Antarctica and the disposal there of radioactive waste material shall be prohibited. [20], East Antarctica comprises Coats Land, Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land, Mac. Technically, zero. [26] The ice dome known as Dome Argus in East Antarctica is the highest Antarctic ice feature, at 4,091 metres (13,422ft). Permanent stations are those that run all year round. [126], Of the 700 species of algae in Antarctica, around half are marine phytoplankton. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made: Argentina: Argentine Antarctica Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial) Chile: Antrtica France: Adlie Land New Zealand: Ross Dependency Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory Most of the whalers were Norwegian, with an increasing proportion from Britain. [4], Until the discovery, belief by Europeans in the existence of a Terra Australisa vast continent in the far south of the globe to balance the northern lands of Europe, Asia, and North Africahad existed as an intellectual concept since classical antiquity. 3. They were the neighboring countries of Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, and a few countries under Antarctica continent (or above depending on how you look) Norway, the United Kingdom, and France. [63][64], Coal was first recorded in Antarctica near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition in 1907, and low-grade coal is known to exist across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains. [10] Antarctica was adopted in the 1890s, with the first use of the name being attributed to the Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew. Devoid of trees, the wonderland of mountains . With so many different fields requiring a decent amount of regulation in order for all these countries to coexist and focus on science rather than causing conflicts, the need arose for an all-encompassing system to fulfill that role. So, does Antarctica have countries? [8][9] In 1824, the colonial authorities in Sydney officially renamed the continent of New Holland to Australia, leaving the term "Terra Australis" unavailable as a reference to Antarctica. 58: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2018", "A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability", "Antarctic Bestiary Terrestrial Animals", "The different breeding strategies of penguins: a review", Comptes rendus de l'Acadmie des Sciences, "Long term movements and activity patterns of an Antarctic marine apex predator: The leopard seal", "Non-lichenized fungi from the Antarctic region", "Fungi at the edge of life: cryptoendolithic black fungi from Antarctic desert", "Diversity and bioprospecting of fungal communities associated with endemic and cold-adapted macroalgae in Antarctica", "The last forests on Antarctica: Reconstructing flora and temperature from the Neogene Sirius Group, Transantarctic Mountains", "Bacteria Found Deep Under Antarctic Ice, Scientists Say", "Microbiology of the subglacial Lake Vostok: first results of borehole-frozen lake water analysis and prospects for searching for lake inhabitants", "The Search for Earth-Like Habitable Planet: Antarctica Lake Vostok May be Jupiter's Europa", "Source Environments of the Microbiome in Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Untersee, Antarctica", "Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Microbial Extremophiles in Polar Environments", "A snapshot of biodiversity protection in Antarctica", "Protocol on Environmental Protection To The Antarctic Treaty (The Madrid Protocol)", "Expanding the Protected Area Network in Antarctica is Urgent and Readily Achievable: Expanding Antarctica's protected areas", "The bones that could shape Antarctica's fate", "The Russian Antarctic Expedition under the command of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and its reception in Russia and the world", "Klarius Mikkelsen's 1935 landing in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: some fiction and some facts", "Dates in American Naval History: October", "Brge Ousland: How I crossed Antarctica alone", "Fastest unsupported (kite assisted) journey to the South Pole taking just 34 days", "Flock of Antarctica's Orthodox temple celebrates Holy Trinity Day", Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, "Legitimacy of the Antarctic Treaty System: is it time for a reform? Heavy snowfalls are common on the coastal portion of Antarctica, where snowfalls of up to 1.22m (48in) in 48 hours have been recorded. Antarctica has no universally recognized flag as the condominium that governs the continent has not yet formally selected one, although some individual Antarctic programs have formally adopted True South as the flag of the continent. The Antarctic Treaty. Dozens of research stations, some year-round and others seasonal, operate in Antarctica under the guidance of around 30 individual countries. Both ice shelves act to stabilise the glaciers that feed into them. This expedition allows you to hike, snowshoe, kayak, go mountaineering, and even camp out under the Southern Polar skies. At 3C, parts of the East Antarctic ice sheet are also projected to be fully lost, and total ice loss would lead to around 6 to 12 meters (20 to 39 feet) or more of sea level rise. The Antarctic region was divided into Australian Antarctic Territory (now headed by Australian Antarctic Division), Ross Dependency, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Argentine Antarctica, Peter I Island, British Antarctic Territory, and Adlie Land, claimed by the seven countries respectively. For the region, see, "Antipodea" redirects here. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. [1] New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959, although in 2015, Norway formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. For a list of them, see List of volcanoes in Antarctica. However, as can be expected of any place on Earth where interests of various countries collide, waters get muddied rather abruptly. [1] The treaty was signed by twelve countries, including the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. Countries of Australia Capital City Population Australia Sydney 24,255,949 New Zealand Auckland 4,727,459 Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 7,321,589 Total 36,304,997 Contents1 What are the 14 countries in Australia?2 How many countries are in Australia?3 How many countries are in [] [133], The first international agreement to protect Antarctica's biodiversity was adopted in 1964. [28] Modern Antarctica was formed as Gondwana gradually broke apart beginning around 183 Ma. Since 1959, a further 42 countries have acceeded to the treaty. This has led to speculation that life on Mars might have been similar to Antarctic fungi, such as Cryomyces antarcticus and Cryomyces minteri. This list of Antarctic countries and list of Antarctic capitals is listed in alphabetical order. 11. [152] The American captain Charles Wilkes led an expedition in 18381839 and was the first to claim he had discovered the continent. This is an Antarctica region that covers a landmass of 2.7 million square kilometers. The always up-to-date list of all countries of the world in alphabetical order A Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan B Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Specially protected areas cover less than 2% of the area and provide better protection for animals with popular appeal than for less visible animals. The Chinese in Antarctica; Antarctic Bases. Antarctica is not broken up into countries, or capitals. [199] The primary response by Antarctic Treaty parties has been to develop guidelines that set landing limits and closed or restricted zones on the more frequently visited sites. This Great White South related article is a stub. The United States has strong diplomatic interests in Antarctica. Antarctica covers more than 14.2millionkm2 (5,500,000sqmi), making it the fifth-largest continent, slightly less than 1.5times the area of the United States. [1] There are over 70 permanent and seasonal research stations on the continent; the largest, United States McMurdo Station, is capable of housing more than 1,000 people. Retrieved November 3, 2020. Subregion Currency; Australia: 25,088,636: 7.692 million km: $63,052: Canberra COPYRIGHT 2022 | Isolated Traveller. [159], The first confirmed landing on the continental mass of Antarctica occurred in 1895 when the Norwegian-Swedish whaling ship Antarctic reached Cape Adare. The list of countries or areas contains the names of countries or areas in alphabetical order, their three-digit numerical codes used for statistical processing purposes by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat, and their three-digit alphabetical codes assigned by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 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