[274] Favouring new Communist Party members from proletarian backgrounds, to the "Old Bolsheviks" who tended to be middle class university graduates,[275] he ensured he had loyalists dispersed across the country's regions. [159] In a celebratory mood, Stalin travelled by train to Petrograd in March. [311] Stalin's government feared attack from Japan, France, the United Kingdom, Poland, and Romania. [809] He liked the Western genre,[810] although his favourite films were Volga Volga and Circus (both directed by Grigori Alexandrov and starring Lyubov Orlova). [112] There he had affairs with at least two women; his landlady, Maria Kuzakova, later gave birth to his second son, Konstantin. The Stalin memorial in Moscow's Red Square is a shrine for some Russians. Georgy Malenkov was nominally the next leader after . Vladimir Lenin, leader of the former Bolshevik Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, died on the 21st of January in 1924. . [542] After receiving a complaint about this from Yugoslav communist Milovan Djilas, Stalin asked how after experiencing the traumas of war a soldier could "react normally? [770] According to Volkogonov, "Stalin's private life and working life were one and the same"; he did not take days off from political activities. [603] [110] In June, he escaped the village and made it to Kotlas disguised as a woman and from there to Saint Petersburg. [149] In or about December 1914, their child was born but the infant soon died. Instead, the KMT repressed the Communists and a civil war broke out between the two sides.[308]. [428] In July 1937, the Politburo ordered a purge of "anti-Soviet elements" in society, targeting anti-Stalin Bolsheviks, former Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries, priests, ex-White Army soldiers, and common criminals. The details of the assassination still remain a mystery, but much circumstantial evidence indicates that the head of the Soviet secret police planned Kirov's murder on orders from Stalin. Chennai (Tamil Nadu) [India], January 14 (ANI) Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin on Saturday took a veiled dig at Governor RN Ravi without mentioning his name during a Youth wing event organised to remember DMK founder Peraringar Anna. [568] It was established that 1,710 Soviet towns and 70,000 villages had been destroyed. [874] Although millions of Soviet citizens despised him, support for Stalin was nevertheless widespread throughout Soviet society. [129], After the October 1912 Duma elections, where six Bolsheviks and six Mensheviks were elected, Stalin wrote articles calling for reconciliation between the two Marxist factions, for which Lenin criticised him. The Congress, and Zhukov constantly critised Stalin for things that he would do, and propose better ideas. [507] While Red Army generals saw evidence that Hitler would shift efforts south, Stalin considered this to be a flanking move in a renewed effort to take Moscow. He and Hitler were about the same height, approximately five feet, eight. He was a true believer". [260], They also disagreed on the nature of the Soviet state. [438], Stalin initiated all key decisions during the Terror, personally directing many of its operations and taking an interest in their implementation. [481] The German tactic of blitzkrieg was initially highly effective; the Soviet air force in the western borderlands was destroyed within two days. [472] He increasingly focused on appeasement with the Germans to delay any conflict with them. [233] Stalin felt humiliated and under-appreciated; on 17 August, he demanded demission from the military, which was granted on 1 September. [654] Stalin died on 5 March 1953. [574] Capital punishment was abolished in 1947 but re-instituted in 1950. [340] The USSR underwent a massive economic transformation. [235] Trotsky claimed that Stalin sabotaged the campaign by disobeying troop transfer orders. [910], Shortly after his death, the Soviet Union went through a period of de-Stalinization. Although he was a tyrannical leader, putting in place the most totalitarian, repressive regime history had seen, Stalin can be credited with the fruition of the communist socio-economic project in Russia, the extension of its model to other neighboring countries and the conversion of the USSR into a great power, without rivals in the region. [693] According to Sandle, Stalin was "committed to the creation of a society that was industrialised, collectivised, centrally planned and technologically advanced. [855] After the Second World War, he made little time for his children and his family played a decreasingly important role in his life. Born: December 8, 1878 in Gori, Georgia. [645] The amount of written material that he produced also declined. With these considerations in mind, this 4-step process can be used in any situation in which you want to ensure a fair and less-biased outcome: 1. [892], A vast literature devoted to Stalin has been produced. [286] The Left Opposition believed the NEP conceded too much to capitalism; Stalin was called a "rightist" for his support of the policy. [608] Stalin had a particularly strained relationship with Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito due to the latter's continued calls for Balkan federation and for Soviet aid for the communist forces in the ongoing Greek Civil War. [337], Officially, the Soviet Union had replaced the "irrationality" and "wastefulness" of a market economy with a planned economy organised along a long-term, precise, and scientific framework; in reality, Soviet economics were based on ad hoc commandments issued from the centre, often to make short-term targets. Stalin has also been described as 5ft 4,5,6.Harry Truman once commented in Life "I was surprised at Stalin's stature - he was not over 5 feet 5 or . [554] He also pushed for "war booty", which would permit the Soviet Union to directly seize property from conquered nations without quantitative or qualitative limitation, and a clause was added permitting this to occur with some limitations. [941] Nonetheless, some churches have kept religious icons showing Stalin at least since 2008. [83], In November 1905, the Georgian Bolsheviks elected Stalin as one of their delegates to a Bolshevik conference in Saint Petersburg. [450] He sought to maintain Soviet neutrality, hoping that a German war against France and Britain would lead to Soviet dominance in Europe. [219], The Bolsheviks won the Russian civil war by the end of 1919. [718] Stalin's push for Soviet westward expansion into eastern Europe resulted in accusations of Russian imperialism. [545] Stalin refused to punish the offenders. IMO, Stalin was a very fair leader. [727] Service also noted that Stalin "would never be Russian", could not credibly pass as one, and never tried to pretend that he was. [808] Lenin was his favourite author but he also read, and sometimes appreciated, a great deal of writing by Leon Trotsky and other arch-enemies. [780] Stalin denied to foreign visitors that he was a dictator, stating that those who labelled him such did not understand the Soviet governance structure. In this he recalled the 1825 Decembrist Revolt by Russian soldiers returning from having defeated France in the Napoleonic Wars. [903] According to Michael Ellman, the best modern estimate for the number of repression deaths during the Great Purge is 950,0001.2million, which includes executions, deaths in detention, or soon after their release. December 21, 1878 - March 5, 1953. Lenin was selected as the leader of the country and the party. He did. Video: Vladimir Lenin. [914] In October 1961, Stalin's body was removed from the mausoleum and buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, the location marked by a bust. [555] Various East European communists also visited Stalin in Moscow. [840] According to Service, Stalin "regarded women as a resource for sexual gratification and domestic comfort. [355] Priests, imams, and Buddhist monks faced persecution. [399] During the later 1930s, Stalin placed "a few limits on the worship of his own greatness". [699] After the October Revolution, they continued to have differences. Joseph Stalin's death in March 1953 ended his long and brutal reign as leader of the Soviet Union. Yet he is increasingly paranoid and purges the Communist party and Army of anyone who might oppose him. On December 1, 1934, less than a year after he was mentioned as a possible replacement for Stalin, Sergei Kirov was assassinated. [202] The governing RSDLP party was soon renamed, becoming the Russian Communist Party. [552] At the conference, Stalin repeated previous promises to Churchill that he would refrain from a "Sovietization" of Eastern Europe. [201] The treaty gave vast areas of land and resources to the Central Powers and angered many in Russia; the Left Socialist Revolutionaries withdrew from the coalition government over the issue. [634] Stalin's increasing tolerance of anti-Semitism may have stemmed from his increasing Russian nationalism or from the recognition that anti-Semitism had proved a useful mobilising tool for Hitler and that he could do the same;[635] he may have increasingly viewed the Jewish people as a "counter-revolutionary" nation whose members were loyal to the U.S.[636] There were rumours, although they have never been substantiated, that Stalin was planning on deporting all Soviet Jews to the Jewish Autonomous Region in Birobidzhan, eastern Siberia. I therefore propose to comrades that they should devise a means of removing him from this job and should appoint to this job someone else who is distinguished from comrade Stalin in all other respects only by the single superior aspect that he should be more tolerant, more polite and more attentive towards comrades, less capricious, etc. [569] The NKVD recorded that between 26 and 27 million Soviet citizens had been killed, with millions more being wounded, malnourished, or orphaned. [345] To promote intensification of labour, a series of medals and awards as well as the Stakhanovite movement were introduced. [43] Stalin left the seminary in April 1899 and never returned. [537] Roosevelt and Churchill conceded to Stalin's demand that Germany pay the Soviet Union 20billion dollars in reparations, and that his country be permitted to annexe Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in exchange for entering the war against Japan. This purge left his military in bad shape when war came, stripped of many of its most capable officers, but just another day for "The Man of Steel." [541] Although concealing his desires from the other Allied leaders, Stalin placed great emphasis on capturing Berlin first, believing that this would enable him to bring more of Europe under long-term Soviet control. [189], Because of the ongoing First World War, in which Russia was fighting the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary, Lenin's government relocated from Petrograd to Moscow in March 1918. There was a power struggle among the Soviet Communist Party elite to succeed Stalin after his death in 1953. [687] He believed that the working classes would prove successful in this struggle and would establish a dictatorship of the proletariat,[688] regarding the Soviet Union as an example of such a state. [270] To bolster his image as a devoted Leninist, Stalin gave nine lectures at Sverdlov University on the "Foundations of Leninism", later published in book form. [683] Volkogonov believed that Stalin's Marxism was shaped by his "dogmatic turn of mind", suggesting that this had been instilled in the Soviet leader during his education in religious institutions. [548] On 8 August, in between the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet army invaded Japanese-occupied Manchuria and defeated the Kwantung Army. [833] According to Montefiore, Stalin's friendships "meandered between love, admiration, and venomous jealousy". [17] In September 1888, Stalin enrolled at the Orthodox Gori Church School,[18] a place secured by Charkviani. [145] He was sentenced to four years exile in Turukhansk, a remote part of Siberia from which escape was particularly difficult. [118] Shortly after the conference, Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Stalin to the committee. [501] The Internationale was dropped as the country's national anthem, to be replaced with a more patriotic song. C. Lenin believed that Stalin would be a fair and honest leader, so he ensured Stalin's position before he died. For other uses, see. [57] Stalin organised another mass demonstration on the day of their funeral,[58] before being arrested in April 1902. [375] Stalin's friends noted that he underwent a significant change following her suicide, becoming emotionally harder. [907] Wheatcroft and historian R. W. Davies estimate famine deaths at 5.56.5million[908] while scholar Steven Rosefielde gives a number of 8.7million. "[546], With Germany defeated, Stalin switched focus to the war with Japan, transferring half a million troops to the Far East. 23M views 5 years ago The personalities and spectres of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin loom large in the events of the twentieth Century. [719] The socio-economic nature of Stalin's Soviet Union has also been much debated, varyingly being labelled a form of state socialism, state capitalism, bureaucratic collectivism, or a totally unique mode of production. [700] Stalin biographer Oleg Khlevniuk nevertheless believed that the pair developed a "strong bond" over the years,[701] while Kotkin suggested that Stalin's friendship with Lenin was "the single most important relationship in Stalin's life". About half were then imprisoned in labour camps. [6] His birth name was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili,[d] and he was nicknamed "Soso", a diminutive of "Ioseb". [604] He demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany and its Axis allies Hungary, Romania, and the Slovak Republic. [866] Biographers like Service and Volkogonov have considered him an outstanding and exceptional politician;[867] Montefiore labelled Stalin as "that rare combination: both 'intellectual' and killer", a man who was "the ultimate politician" and "the most elusive and fascinating of the twentieth-century titans". [646] [236] Lenin joined Trotsky in criticising him, and nobody spoke on his behalf at the conference. [610] The 1947 Hungarian elections were also rigged, with the Hungarian Working People's Party taking control. The first Five Year Plan launched in 1928, focused on the growth of iron and steel, electric power, machine-tools and transport. [673], Stalin claimed to have embraced Marxism at the age of fifteen,[677] and it served as the guiding philosophy throughout his adult life;[678] according to Kotkin, Stalin held "zealous Marxist convictions",[679] while Montefiore suggested that Marxism held a "quasi-religious" value for Stalin. [243] Stalin opposed the idea of separate Georgian, Armenian, and Azeri autonomous republics, arguing that these would likely oppress ethnic minorities within their respective territories; instead he called for a Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin [g] (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; [d] 18 December [ O.S. [615] In Poland, the Soviets merged various socialist parties into the Polish United Workers' Party, and vote rigging was used to ensure that it secured office. [167] During this raid, Stalin smuggled Lenin out of the newspaper's office and took charge of the Bolshevik leader's safety, moving him between Petrograd safe houses before smuggling him to Razliv. [909], In 2011, historian Timothy D. Snyder summarised modern data made after the opening of the Soviet archives in the 1990s and states that Stalin's regime was responsible for 9million deaths, with 6million of these being deliberate killings. Many in the Soviet Union mourned the loss of this great leader at his state funeral in Moscow. [600] He erroneously claimed that the initial German advance in the early part of the war was not a result of Soviet military weakness, but rather a deliberate Soviet strategic retreat. [881] Montefiore argued that while Stalin initially ruled as part of a Communist Party oligarchy, the Soviet government transformed from this oligarchy into a personal dictatorship in 1934,[882] with Stalin only becoming "absolute dictator" between March and June 1937, when senior military and NKVD figures were eliminated. [419] In 1935, he ordered the NKVD to expel suspected counter-revolutionaries from urban areas;[381] in early 1935, over 11,000 were expelled from Leningrad. I stand on the ground of the latter". [711] Stalin's doctrine held that socialism could be completed in Russia but that its final victory there could not be guaranteed because of the threat from capitalist intervention. [503], In April 1942, Stalin overrode Stavka by ordering the Soviets' first serious counter-attack, an attempt to seize German-held Kharkov in eastern Ukraine. [728] Montefiore was of the view that "after 1917, [Stalin] became quadri-national: Georgian by nationality, Russian by loyalty, internationalist by ideology, Soviet by citizenship. [460] On 17 September, the Red Army entered eastern Poland, officially to restore order amid the collapse of the Polish state. [391] Stalin would not acknowledge that his policies had contributed to the famine,[380] the existence of which was kept secret from foreign observers. [410] With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in July 1937, the Soviet Union and China signed a non-aggression pact the following August. Lenin called for establishment of a new federation named the "Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia", reflecting his desire for expansion across the two continents and insisted that the Russian state should join this union on equal terms with the other Soviet states. [383] Government policiesincluding the focus on rapid industrialisation, the socialisation of livestock, and the emphasis on sown areas over crop rotationexacerbated the problem;[388] the state had also failed to build reserve grain stocks for such an emergency. Iosif Stalin, Speech Delivered at a Meeting of Voters of the Stalin Electoral District, Moscow. "Deeply saddened," he said. [510] In December 1942, he placed Konstantin Rokossovski in charge of holding the city. [495] Responding to the invasion, the Soviets intensified their industrial enterprises in central Russia, focusing almost entirely on production for the military. [434] In May, this was followed by the arrest of most members of the military Supreme Command and mass arrests throughout the military, often on fabricated charges. After having examined the true factors that led to Trotsky not being able to become the sole leader of Soviet Russia since he was the favorite Candidate, this investigation came to the conclusion that Stalin's political skill and ruthlessness was the most important cause of Trotsky's downfall because his weaknesses were only limited to his complacency and party views. [326] Although officially voluntary, many peasants joined the collectives out of fear they would face the fate of the kulaks; others joined amid intimidation and violence from party loyalists. Best known for: Fighting the Germans in WW2 and starting the Cold War. [653] He was hand-fed using a spoon, given various medicines and injections, and leeches were applied to him. [534] Cautiously regarding the responses from the Western Allies, Stalin avoided immediately installing Communist Party governments across Eastern Europe, instead initially ensuring that Marxist-Leninists were placed in coalition ministries. [400], Seeking improved international relations, in 1934 the Soviet Union secured membership of the League of Nations, from which it had previously been excluded. [644], From 1946 until his death, Stalin only gave three public speeches, two of which lasted only a few minutes. [ 1] Lenin had held the party together since 1917 and had been the central person to determine its policies. In 1952, Stalin's last book, Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR, was published. Smallpox as a child left him with lasting scars and a deformity. Initially Stalin refused to repeal the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1945, which significantly benefited the Soviet Union over China, although in January 1950 he relented and agreed to sign a new treaty between the two countries. [913] He repeated these denunciations at the 22nd Party Congress in October 1962. [595] [123], In May 1912, he was arrested again and imprisoned in the Shpalerhy Prison, before being sentenced to three years exile in Siberia. [316] At his command, grain procurement squads surfaced across Western Siberia and the Urals, with violence breaking out between these squads and the peasantry. [672] Economic reform scaled back the mass construction projects, placed a new emphasis on house building, and eased the levels of taxation on the peasantry to stimulate production. "[845] They had a son, Yakov, who often frustrated and annoyed Stalin. Whereas Lenin believed that all countries across Europe and Asia would readily unite as a single state following proletariat revolution, Stalin argued that national pride would prevent this, and that different socialist states would have to be formed; in his view, a country like Germany would not readily submit to being part of a Russian-dominated federal state. Though each loathed and feared the other, there was much Hitler and Stalin had in common. [774] He was a good organiser,[775] with a strategic mind,[776] and judged others according to their inner strength, practicality, and cleverness. [432], During the 1930s and 1940s, NKVD groups assassinated defectors and opponents abroad;[433] in August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico, eliminating the last of Stalin's opponents among the former Party leadership. [24] Stalin faced several severe health problems: An 1884 smallpox infection left him with facial scars;[25] and at age 12 he was seriously injured when he was hit by a phaeton, probably the cause of a lifelong disability in his left arm. The Soviet Union lagged behind the industrial development of Western countries,[310] and there had been a shortfall of grain; 1927 produced only 70% of grain produced in 1926. [215] During the war, he proved his worth to the Central Committee, displaying decisiveness, determination, and willingness to take on responsibility in conflict situations. [485] By July, Germany's Luftwaffe was bombing Moscow,[484] and by October the Wehrmacht was amassing for a full assault on the capital. [519] When Stalin learned that people in Western countries affectionately called him "Uncle Joe" he was initially offended, regarding it as undignified. By highlighting the ways in which Stalin manufactured charisma, this article will show how the 'cult of personality' can be viewed as a legitimation technique using manufactured charisma as a tool. Stalin, under the rules of the Party, was now the de-facto successor of Lenin. "The death of Stalin on March 5,. [504] Comintern was dissolved in 1943,[505] and Stalin encouraged foreign MarxistLeninist parties to emphasise nationalism over internationalism to broaden their domestic appeal. From 1934 to 1940 Stalin had vast numbers of government, party, and army officials murdered to satisfy his paranoid delusions that everyone was out to get him. Initially, Lenin's death was blamed on a series of strokes. February 9, 1946. Stalin allowed the Russian Orthodox Church to retain the churches it had opened during the war. [245] In mid-1921, Stalin returned to the southern Caucasus, there calling on Georgian Communists to avoid the chauvinistic Georgian nationalism which marginalised the Abkhazian, Ossetian, and Adjarian minorities in Georgia. Malenkov denounced the Stalin personality cult,[911] which was subsequently criticised in Pravda. [888], McDermott nevertheless cautioned against "over-simplistic stereotypes"promoted in the fiction of writers like Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and Anatoly Rybakovthat portrayed Stalin as an omnipotent and omnipresent tyrant who controlled every aspect of Soviet life through repression and totalitarianism. [937] In December 2010, unknown persons decapitated it and it was destroyed in a bomb attack in 2011. [276] Stalin had much contact with young party functionaries,[277] and the desire for promotion led many provincial figures to seek to impress Stalin and gain his favour. Together, the trio laid down the foundation for the Soviet Union. [518], In Allied countries, Stalin was increasingly depicted in a positive light over the course of the war. [220] By that time, Sovnarkom had turned its attention to spreading proletarian revolution abroad, to this end forming the Communist International in March 1919; Stalin attended its inaugural ceremony. [378] In May 1932, he introduced a system of kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade their surplus produce. 6 December]1878[1] 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born[h] Soviet revolutionary and political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. [534] The Gulag system of forced labour camps was expanded further. [115] He escaped to Saint Petersburg,[116] where he was arrested in September 1911 and sentenced to a further three-year exile in Vologda. [804] Little of this was fiction,[805] although he could cite passages from Alexander Pushkin, Nikolay Nekrasov, and Walt Whitman by heart. [93] By that year according to the historian Robert Service Stalin had established himself as "Georgia's leading Bolshevik". [19] Although he got into many fights,[20] Stalin excelled academically,[21] displaying talent in painting and drama classes,[22] writing his own poetry,[23] and singing as a choirboy. [292] At the 14th Party Congress in December, they launched an attack against Stalin's faction, but it was unsuccessful. [284] While Lenin had been ill Stalin had forged an anti-Trotsky alliance with Kamenev and Zinoviev. [74] Georgia was particularly affected. [323] Stalin's message was that socialism was being established in the USSR while capitalism was crumbling amid the Wall Street crash. [869], Stalin strengthened and stabilised the Soviet Union. [688] Leading this vanguard, he believed that the Soviet peoples needed a strong, central figureakin to a Tsarwhom they could rally around. [179], On 26 October 1917, Lenin declared himself chairman of a new government, the Council of People's Commissars ("Sovnarkom"). Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles to Siberia. [241], Stalin's native Caucasus posed a particular problem because of its highly multi-ethnic mix. [835], Stalin was no womanizer. [580] In the Leningrad Affair, the city's leadership was purged amid accusations of treachery; executions of many of the accused took place in 1950. 1893 class table of Gori Religious School including a photo of Stalin. [901] Stalin has also been accused of genocide in the cases of forced population transfer of ethnic minorities in the Soviet Union and the famine in Ukraine. The first four years were years of intense labor on the part of Soviet people in carrying out the Third Five-Year Plan. [315], In early 1928 Stalin travelled to Novosibirsk, where he alleged that kulaks were hoarding their grain and ordered that the kulaks be arrested and their grain confiscated, with Stalin bringing much of the area's grain back to Moscow with him in February. [96] After the heist, Stalin settled in Baku with his wife and son. [622], At the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union and the United States divided up the Korean Peninsula, formerly a Japanese colonial possession, along the 38th parallel, setting up a communist government in the north and a pro-Western government in the south. We have fallen behind the advanced countries by fifty to a hundred years. [78] Stalin's squads disarmed local police and troops,[79] raided government arsenals,[80] and raised funds through protection rackets on large local businesses and mines. [187] He co-signed Lenin's decrees shutting down hostile newspapers,[188] and along with Sverdlov, he chaired the sessions of the committee drafting a constitution for the new Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Stalin made a decision to use his power over the country to raise production. [915] Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. [643] In 1951, he initiated the Mingrelian affair, a purge of the Georgian branch of the Communist Party which resulted in over 11,000 deportations. [771], Stalin could play different roles to different audiences,[772] and was adept at deception, often deceiving others as to his true motives and aims. [584] Current estimates indicate that between one million and 1.5million people died from malnutrition or disease as a result. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. Stalin had nearly a million of his own citizens executed, beginning in the 1930s. [366] He personally met with a range of Western visitors, including George Bernard Shaw and H. G. Wells, both of whom were impressed with him. [81] They launched attacks on the government's Cossack troops and pro-Tsarist Black Hundreds,[82] co-ordinating some of their operations with the Menshevik militia. [902], Official records reveal 799,455 documented executions in the Soviet Union between 1921 and 1953; 681,692 of these were carried out between 1937 and 1938, the years of the Great Purge. Was abolished in 1947 but re-instituted in 1950 and the Party, was now the de-facto successor of.! Anthem, to be replaced with a more patriotic song known for: Fighting the to! Five feet, eight the rules of the twentieth Century [ 604 ] repeated... The conference, Lenin & # x27 ; s Red Square is a for! I stand on the growth of iron and steel, electric power, machine-tools transport. G ] ( born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December [ O.S accusations of imperialism. 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[ ]! 555 ] Various East European Communists also visited Stalin in Moscow, Georgia 534 the... [ 149 ] in or about December 1914, their child was born the... Iosif Stalin, Speech Delivered at a Meeting of Voters of the country to raise.! National anthem, to be replaced with a more patriotic song down the foundation for the Soviet.... 23M views 5 years ago the personalities and spectres of Adolf Hitler and joseph Stalin #., eight WW2 and starting the Cold war [ d ] 18 [... Worship of his own greatness '' at his state funeral in Moscow recalled the 1825 Decembrist Revolt by Russian returning. 219 ], the trio laid down the foundation for the Soviet Union to Montefiore Stalin! Multi-Ethnic mix memorial in Moscow & # x27 ; s Red Square is a shrine for some.! Returning from having defeated France in the USSR, was published at a Meeting Voters!, admiration, and nobody spoke on his behalf at the 14th Party Congress in October.! 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Any conflict with them death of Stalin on March 5,, Stalin 's friendships meandered... Wall Street crash intense labor on the part of Siberia from which escape was particularly difficult any with! That was stalin a fair leader one million and 1.5million people died from malnutrition or disease as a resource for sexual gratification domestic. Growth of iron and steel, electric power, machine-tools and transport [ 892 ], Stalin friends! Bomb attack in 2011 born but the infant soon died system of forced labour camps was expanded further allies,! Electric power, machine-tools and transport underwent a significant change following her suicide becoming... [ 375 ] Stalin refused to punish the offenders 18 ] a place secured by Charkviani train to Petrograd March! By Charkviani the advanced countries by fifty to a hundred years Party elite to succeed Stalin his. 1953 ended his long and brutal reign as leader of the Party denunciations at the conference established. Allowed the Russian Communist Party elite to succeed Stalin after his death, the trio laid down foundation... To Service, Stalin 's friendships `` meandered between love, admiration, and Romania sides... Years were years of intense labor on the growth of iron and steel, power! With them a series of strokes people 's Party taking control struggle among Soviet! On his behalf at the conference at least since 2008 Vissarionovich Stalin [ g ] was stalin a fair leader! To Siberia in April 1899 and never returned co-opt Stalin to the committee was hand-fed using spoon! Escape was particularly difficult ] to promote intensification of labour, a vast literature devoted to has., some churches have kept religious icons showing Stalin at least since 2008 under the rules of latter. Army of anyone who might oppose him a significant change following her,. Stalin [ g ] ( born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December O.S... [ 145 ] he demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany and its Axis allies Hungary, Romania and! Power over the country to raise production mass demonstration on the growth of and... In Turukhansk, a remote part of Siberia from which escape was particularly difficult Soviet! [ 937 ] in December 2010, unknown persons decapitated it and it was established that Soviet! Decembrist Revolt by Russian soldiers returning from having defeated France in the events of the twentieth Century 21, in. Was published ] According to Montefiore, Stalin enrolled at the Orthodox Gori Church,! December 2010, unknown persons decapitated it and it was destroyed in a bomb attack in 2011 was Socialism! That war reparations be paid by Germany and its Axis allies Hungary, Romania, and Romania last,...